by Quantum Computing represents a revolutionary advance in computing technology, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways fundamentally different from classical computers. The European Union (EU), recognizing the transformative potential of quantum computing for science, industry, and society, has initiated several programs and strategies to foster its development and integration into the economic fabric of Europe. These initiatives aim not just to keep Europe at the forefront of technological innovation but also to secure its digital sovereignty and stimulate job creation in this emerging field.
The European Union’s strategic initiatives to promote quantum computing are multifaceted, covering research and innovation funding, infrastructure development, education and skills training, and public-private collaborations. By investing in these areas, the EU aims not only to advance its technological leadership and digital sovereignty but also to stimulate economic growth and create employment opportunities in the burgeoning field of quantum technologies. As these initiatives unfold, they will likely catalyze the European quantum computing industry, driving demand for a wide range of professional roles—from researchers, engineers, and technicians to educators, policymakers, and entrepreneurs. This concerted effort places Europe on a path to becoming a global hub for quantum computing, ready to harness its transformative potential for the benefit of its economy and society.
Quantum Flagship
One of the cornerstone EU initiatives in this domain is the Quantum Flagship. Launched in 2018, this large-scale, long-term research and innovation initiative aims to consolidate and expand European scientific leadership and excellence in quantum research. With a budget of €1 billion over ten years, it seeks to develop a range of quantum technologies, from quantum computers and simulators to quantum communication and sensing. The Quantum Flagship acts as a catalyst for developing and commercializing quantum technologies, aiming to create a competitive quantum industry and quantum-related job opportunities within the EU.
Digital Europe Programme
The Digital Europe Programme is another key initiative, with a budget of €7.5 billion (2021-2027), focusing on bringing digital technology to businesses, citizens, and public administrations. Quantum computing is one of the strategic areas covered by this program, with investments aimed at building and deploying advanced digital capacities. It supports the development and strengthening of European high-performance computing and quantum computing infrastructures, thus fostering innovation and providing European researchers and companies with access to these cutting-edge tools. This, in turn, is expected to drive employment in the sector by creating demand for skilled professionals to develop and operate quantum computing technologies.
European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU)
The EuroHPC JU is a joint initiative between the EU, European countries, and private partners to develop a World Class Supercomputing Ecosystem in Europe. While its primary focus is on building and deploying high-performance computing (HPC) capabilities, it also encompasses the integration of quantum computing technologies. By developing and providing access to quantum-enhanced supercomputers, the initiative aims not only to boost Europe’s competitiveness in HPC but also to prepare its workforce for the quantum computing era. This includes training programs and job opportunities in the maintenance, operation, and application development for these hybrid systems.
Horizon Europe
Horizon Europe, the EU’s key funding program for research and innovation with a budget of around €95.5 billion (2021-2027), incorporates quantum computing within its framework. It supports research and innovation projects across a broad range of sectors, including quantum technologies. Through collaborative research projects, innovation actions, and partnerships, Horizon Europe facilitates the translation of quantum research into viable products and services, stimulating economic growth and job creation in the process.
Education and Skills Development
Recognizing the need for a skilled workforce to support the growth of the quantum computing sector, the EU has also invested in education and skills development. Initiatives under the Erasmus+ program and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) are aimed at developing quantum education curricula and providing training for students, researchers, and professionals. These programs aim to address the skills gap in the quantum technology field and ensure that Europe has a steady pipeline of talent capable of driving innovation and growth in this sector.
Quantum Communication Infrastructure (QCI)
The EU’s plan to develop a Quantum Communication Infrastructure (QCI) across Europe is part of its broader strategy to secure its digital infrastructure using quantum technology. While the primary goal of the QCI is to protect the EU’s communication networks against cyber threats, its implementation will also drive employment in quantum technologies. This includes jobs related to the development, installation, and maintenance of quantum communication systems, as well as research and development roles focused on advancing quantum cryptography and other quantum-based security solutions.
Public-Private Partnerships and Collaboration
The EU encourages collaboration between the public sector, academia, and industry through various public-private partnerships (PPPs). These partnerships are designed to accelerate the development and commercialization of quantum technologies, facilitating the transfer of knowledge from research institutions to the market. By fostering a collaborative ecosystem, the EU aims to stimulate innovation, attract investment, and create high-tech jobs in the quantum computing sector.
