by It is a global network of smaller networks interconnected using communication protocols that are standardised. The Internet standards describe a framework known as the Internet protocol suite. This model divides methods into a layered system of protocols.
These layers are as follows:
- Application layer (highest): Concerned with the data(URL, type, etc), where HTTP, HTTPS, etc comes in.
- Transport layer: Responsible for end-to-end communication over a network.
- Network layer: Provides data route.
Provides a variety of information and communication facilities; contains forums, databases, email, hypertext, etc. It consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.
The World Wide Web
The web is a subset of the internet. It’s a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (that supports links, multimedia, etc). These documents are interlinked using hypertext links and are accessible via the Internet.
To link hypertext to the Internet, we need:
The markup language, i.e., HTML
The transfer protocol, e.g., HTTP
Uniform Resource Locator (URL), the address of the resource
URI
URI stands for ‘Uniform Resource Identifier’, it’s like an address providing a unique global identifier to a resource on the Web. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the most commonly used form of a URI.
The URL consists mainly of two parts:
- The protocol used in transfer, e.g., HTTP
- The domain name
The Internet is not governed, it has no single authority figure. The ultimate authority for where the Internet is going rests with the Internet Society, or ISOC.
ISOC is a voluntary membership organization whose purpose is to promote global information exchange through Internet technology.
ISOC appoints the IAB: Internet Architecture Board. They meet regularly to review standards and allocate resources, like addresses.
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force. Another volunteer organisation that meets regularly to discuss operational and technical problems.
