by Departmental Undertaking
Departmental Undertakings (DUs) are public enterprises that are established and managed by government departments. These enterprises are often established to provide essential services to the public, such as postal services, telecommunication services, and public transport services. The organizational patterns of DUs can vary depending on the nature of the services provided and the structure of the government department that manages them. However, some common organizational patterns of DUs are:
- Line Pattern: In this pattern, the department responsible for the DU manages it directly. The department provides the necessary resources and personnel to run the DU and ensures that it operates efficiently. The head of the department is responsible for the overall performance of the DU.
- Staff Pattern: In this pattern, the DU is managed by a separate administrative department that provides the necessary support services to the DU. The administrative department may provide services such as human resources management, finance, and procurement. The head of the administrative department is responsible for ensuring that the DU operates efficiently and meets its objectives.
- Board Pattern: In this pattern, the DU is managed by a board of directors that is appointed by the government department responsible for the DU. The board is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the DU, approving its budget, and ensuring that it operates efficiently. The board appoints a CEO to manage the day-to-day operations of the DU.
- Corporation Pattern: In this pattern, the DU is established as a separate legal entity with its own board of directors and management team. The corporation is owned by the government department responsible for the DU but operates independently of it. The board of directors is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the corporation, while the management team is responsible for the day-to-day operations.
- Holding Company Pattern: In this pattern, the DU is established as a subsidiary of a holding company, which is owned by the government department responsible for the DU. The holding company provides support services to the DU, such as finance, human resources management, and procurement. The holding company is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the DU and ensuring that it operates efficiently.
Statutory Corporations
Statutory Corporations are public enterprises that are established by the government through a specific legislation or statute. These corporations are usually established to provide a particular service or to develop and manage specific projects. The organizational patterns of statutory corporations in India can vary depending on the nature of their functions and the statutes under which they are established. However, some common organizational patterns of statutory corporations in India are:
- Board of Directors: In this pattern, the statutory corporation is governed by a board of directors appointed by the government. The board is responsible for setting the corporation’s policies and strategies, approving its budget, and ensuring that it operates efficiently. The board may also appoint a CEO to manage the day-to-day operations of the corporation.
- Departmental Pattern: In this pattern, the statutory corporation is part of a government department and is managed by the department’s head. The department provides the necessary resources and personnel to run the corporation and ensures that it operates efficiently. The department is responsible for the overall performance of the corporation.
- Holding Company Pattern: In this pattern, the statutory corporation is established as a subsidiary of a holding company, which is owned by the government. The holding company provides support services to the corporation, such as finance, human resources management, and procurement. The holding company is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the corporation and ensuring that it operates efficiently.
- Company Pattern: In this pattern, the statutory corporation is established as a separate legal entity with its own board of directors and management team. The corporation is owned by the government but operates independently of it. The board of directors is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the corporation, while the management team is responsible for the day-to-day operations.
- Commission Pattern: In this pattern, the statutory corporation is managed by a commission appointed by the government. The commission is responsible for setting the corporation’s policies and strategies, approving its budget, and ensuring that it operates efficiently. The commission may also appoint a CEO to manage the day-to-day operations of the corporation.
Companies, Holding Companies
Companies and Holding Companies are two types of business organizations that can be found in India. Companies are entities that are registered under the Companies Act, 2013 and have a separate legal identity. Holding Companies, on the other hand, are companies that own a controlling stake in one or more subsidiary companies. The organizational patterns of companies and holding companies in India can vary depending on the size and structure of the organization. However, some common organizational patterns of companies and holding companies in India are:
- Board of Directors: In this pattern, the company or holding company is governed by a board of directors appointed by the shareholders. The board is responsible for setting the company’s or holding company’s policies and strategies, approving its budget, and ensuring that it operates efficiently. The board may also appoint a CEO to manage the day-to-day operations of the company or holding company.
- Functional Pattern: In this pattern, the company or holding company is divided into various departments based on the functions performed by each department. For example, there may be departments for finance, marketing, human resources, and operations. Each department is managed by a department head who reports to the CEO or the board of directors.
- Divisional Pattern: In this pattern, the company or holding company is divided into various divisions based on the products or services offered by each division. Each division is managed by a divisional head who is responsible for the performance of that division. The divisional heads report to the CEO or the board of directors.
- Matrix Pattern: In this pattern, the company or holding company is organized around both functional and divisional structures. This pattern is used when the organization needs to balance the requirements of both functional and product/service-based activities. In this pattern, each employee reports to both a functional manager and a divisional manager.
- Network Pattern: In this pattern, the company or holding company is organized as a network of autonomous units that are connected through a central hub. Each unit operates as a separate business, but they are connected through the central hub, which provides support services such as finance, marketing, and human resources.
